System for reducing shocks



Dec. 20, 1932. D. AMMIRANDOLI ET AL 1,391,340

SYSTEM FOR REDUCING SHOCKS Filed A ril l, 19 0 INVENTR M Attorney.

Patented Dec. 20, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Y DAVID AMMIRANDOLI AND omo BALDI, or rnAro In TUSCANY, ITALY [j SYSTEM FOR REDUCING SHOCKS Application filed April 1, 1930, Serial No. 440,705, and in Italy April 11, 1929. p

' the interposition of a liquid and comprising,

two or more intercommunicating cylinders, which are rigidly connected together but not to the movable body, and whose contents vary with the load upon the system or with the shocks transmitted to the system, such variation resulting in a flow of liquid between the cylinders and causing the movement of an intermediate member consisting of a piston or intercommunicating cylinders, the characteristic feature being that the shocks are transmitted through the resilient means to said intermediate member, which enables the spring to move (or to rise) inde- G pendently of the body indirectly bearing thereon, that is, without these movements being conveyed to said movable body.

Another characteristic feature is that the weight having to be sustained by the spring is always comparatively greater than that of the body and that this increase is never brought to bear upon the body.

The invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying drawing wherein a few constructional emo bodiments of the invention are shown by wa of example.

In this drawing- Figure 1 shows tical section a constructional form of the invention provided with a helical spring;

Figure 2 shows a further form of the invention also provided with a helical spring; Figure 3 shows another form of the invention in the case of a semi-elliptical spring.

50. According to the first example as shown in diagrammatically in ver-.

ports the weight of the body cZ through the rod 0'. A second cylinder fintegral with and of the'same cross section as the cylinder bin this casehas a base g. Within this cylinder 'f s'lidesa fluid tight piston h which is connected by the rod 0' to a point of 'supp0rt'.k of the apparatus, where the shocks occur. The rod z' slides within the fluid tight guide L-. The ends of a helical spring 222- bear upon c' and h. Two conduits n make communication between the two cylinders. l '7 Another constructional form of the invention which greatly simplifies the apparatus is shown in Fig. 2. It will be seen that the conduits n and n have been eliminated by placing the two cylinders in direct communication. The possibility of the volumes 0- and -0 being varied isobtained by making' the two cylinders-72- and f of different section.

Another form of theinvention operating in similar manner and adapted for semi-elliptical springs, is shown in Fig. 3. In this form the first receiver b is divided into two parts of equal section; for simplicity the same reference letters have been adopted to denote the corresponding parts. These two cylinders are rigidly connected either together or to the second cylinder f by conduits The central support ofthe semi-elliptical spring mand the bearing or support k. (which receives the shocks) are connected by the rod z' to the piston h while the two ends of the spring are connected to the bases 0 of the cylin-L- The operation of the apparatus will now be illustrated with respect to the various constructional forms illustrated. In the form shown in Figure 1, the two cylinders o the ends. thereof as follows the pressure .4, be enabled to re-descend immediately.

bearing upon 0- is equal to the weight of the body; moreover, -0 being rigidly connected to g-- has also to sustain the pressure of the oil on g: therefore the pressure bearing on c will equal the pressure of the body plus the pressure bearing upon Upon --72/ will be exerted the reaction from below against the weight of the body, as well as the same pressure as that pressure upon g and also directed from below. The'volume of the oil in the cylinders -b and f will depend .in a state of equilibrium on the reaction of the spring against the pressures occasioned by the weight of the body. \Vhen -Zc-- transmits a vertical shock to k the spring will tend to become compressed, allowing II/ to rise; the volume 0' will increase, drawing oil from the cylinder b, and permitting 0 to rise. The base g will also rise tending to diminish the volume 0 but not to the same extent as it tends to increase through the displacement of h.

In fact, g which is integral with c will rise less than h because cbeing located at the opposite end of the spring and the shock under examination being capable of influencing the resiliency of the latter cannot on moving but follow the movements of h at a lessened speed. When the sections of both cylinders are equal g, more precisely, will rise to half the extent to which -krises. If h descends less than it has risen -a then rises to the extent of the difference. Thus we shall have the possibility of the aforesaid changes of volume being effected without a having to move when -]Z, (owing to the nature of the shock) shall In case h should fail to re-descend to the extent to which it had risen, a must, consecutively to the above described initial changes of volume, rise to the extent to which k has re-descended. In any case, a/ and the body (Z will never rise at the same speed as h but with a slow and gradual movement so that it will never pass beyond 'the new position of equilibrium, therefore the shock will at least be considerably diminished. In the apparatus shown in Figure 2, the operation is substantially the same when the support 7c transmits a vertical shock to the casing f the spring m will become compressed through the upward movement of the said casing? The piston -h therefore, approaches the point of support k and liquid is drawn from the cylinder 0 into the cylinder 0', causing the descent of the body 0Z- with respect to thetwo cylinders b and f. Thus although the cylinders b and 'f-- have risen with respect to the ground, the body d has fallen with respect to them. The ratio of the magnitudes of these two opposing motions depends entirely on the ratio of the diameters of the two cylinders 0 and 0 In Figure 3 the helical spring of the previously described forms is replaced by a semielliptic spring, the centre of which forms the point of support 7c at which the shocks are received. Vertical shocks on the support lccause the spring 'm to flex and therefore the piston h to rise in the cylinder f. Liquid is consequently drawn into the cylinder from the cylinders b through the conduits n/ causing the piston a and the attached body d to fall with respect to the cylinders b and f. As these cylinders rise or tend to rise, the body (Z remains substantially still if the ratio of the cylinder diameters is correctly chosen. It is to be observed that the displacements of c will, for a given W85 shock, depend upon the ratio of the cylinder sections.

Subsidiary springs adapted to be brought into operation according to the load may be provided and the relative diameters of the cylinders may be varied according to the employment of the apparatus. Valves may also be provided if desirable.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim is: r

1. Apparatus for reducing and eliminating shocks, comprising a cylindrical casing divided into separate chambers with intercommunicating conduits, a piston for each chamber, a resilient member supporting the casing the liquid therein, a resilient support carried' by the intermediate piston and connected with the casing to support the latter, and a piston for each of the other cylinders operating'in a direction opposite to that of the first pistonand being supported on the liquid, whereby movement of any piston causes a flow of liquid between the cylinders to transmit the movement through the resilient means to the casing.

3. A hydraulic shock absorber for yieldingly connecting two parts of a mechanical device subjected to shocks comprising aresilient member connected to that part of said device directly subjected to said shocks and having its axis so arranged as to take the full force of said shocks, a cylinder supported from said part of the device and containing a hydraulic fluid, a piston in saidcylinder connected to and supporting the other part of said device, the axis of said cylinder being in the same vertical plane as the axis of said resilient member, and means operating with said fluid to cause the movement of said resilient member under the force of said shocks to produce relative movement between said piston and cylinder.

4. A hydraulic shock absorber for yieldingly connecting the body of a movable device subjected to shocks to its under carriage, comprising a spring connected to said under carriage and having its axis normal to the path of movement of said device whereby said spring takes the full force of said shocks, a cylinder supported from said under carriage and containing a hydraulic fluid, a piston in said cylinder, the axes of said cylinder and spring being vertical to the same horizontal plane and means co-operating with said fluid tocause the movement of said spring under the force of said shocks to produce relative movement between said cylinder and piston.

5. A hydraulic'shock absorber for yieldingly connecting the body of a vehicle to its under carriage, comprising a vertical casing having a cylinder in the upper and lower ends thereof, a spring in the cylinder at the lower end of said casing having its axis normal to the path of movement of said vehicle, a piston in the cylinder at the upper end of said casing connected to and supporting said body, the axis of said last named cylinder being coincident to that of said spring, and means for connecting said casing to said under carriage, said cylinders being in communication with each other whereby movement of said spring causes a flow of fluid from one cylinder to the other and a consequent relative movement between said piston and said upper cylinder.

6. A hydraulic shock absorber for yieldingly connecting two parts of a mechanical device subjected to shocks comprising a resilient member connected to that part of said device directly subjected to said shocks and having its axis so arranged as to take the full force of said shocks, a cylinder supported from said part of the device and containing a hydraulic fluid, a piston in said cylinder connected to and supporting the other part of said device, the axes of said cylinder and resilient member being vertical to the same horizontal plane, and means operating with said fluid to cause the movement of said resilient member under the force of said shocks to produce relative movement between said piston and cylinder.

DAVID AMMIRANDOLI. GINO BALDI. 

